This course is designed to impart classical views and essential mechanisms regarding various aspects of development of animals with experimental approach. The first section deals with gametogenesis; types of animal eggs, fertilization; cleavage patterns, embryonic stem cells, cleavage and gastrulation in frog and chick and organogenesis in a mammal. The second section deals with embryonic and post-embryonic adaptations such as placenta and larval types and their significance. The third section deals with certain experimental embryological aspects such as embryonic induction, differentiation, competence, nucleocytoplasmic interaction, etc.

This laboratory course has been designed to give information regarding developmental aspects in frog and chick. Students will observe the developmental stages of Indoplanorbis sp., frog and chick, developmental stages of invertebrate and chordate larval types. Exercises on induced ovulation in frog, blastoderm mounting, metamorphosis and regeneration will be done. Students shall maintain a record of their observations.

This course deals with the study of animals in relation to their environment. The first section deals with the concepts of Ecosystem, Population and Community. In the section of habitat ecology, emphasis will be on the Adaptation and Biota of Freshwater, Marine, mangrove, estuarine and terrestrial ecosystems. Biodiverstiy, Wildlife ecology & management and Pollutants will also be discussed. All topics will be covered in relation to Indian sub-continent.

This laboratory course in environmental biology is designed to supplement its theory counterpart. Water analyses. Identification of planktonic forms and Animals of ecological importance will be done. Experiments on Productivity measurements and Pollution analyses are included. Investigations will be done in established microcosms. Field trips will be undertaken to give the students a chance to observe and understand natural ecosystems in its reality and totality.

This course attempts to provide a basic understanding in Immunology. The course covers cells and organs of the immune system, antigens, antibody structure, antibody diversity, antigen-antibody interactions, cell mediated and humoral immune response and complement. A section deals with invertebrate immunity and survey of immunity in vertebrates. In the section on disorders of immune system, autoimmunity, hypersensitivity reactions, immunodeficiency disorders that include AIDS are also dealt.

This course includes identification and enumeration of blood cells, location of lymphoid organs in selected vertebrates, preparation of antigens, Immunization techniques, and methods of raising polyclonal antibodies, repetitive bleeding methods, antibody titration, complement mediated hemolysis, ELISA test for AIDS and skin test for allergic reactions.

This course deals with the anatomy and physiology of reproduction, psychology of human sexuality and birth control methods. Topics such as conception, pregnancy and childbirth are also covered. Various sex related diseases and psychosomatic problems are discussed. Conception control by male and female contraceptives are stressed.

 

This course is designed to make the students to know ‘what animals do and how they do it’ in relation to their external and internal environments. It covers matters related to principle, adaptation and mechanism involved in feeding and nutrition, respiration, circulation, osmo-iono regulation, thermoregulation, biorhythms and excretion. Physiological processes involved in muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction, sensory perception and hormonal action are also discussed.

This course is designed to make the students know about the basics of insect classification, morphology, anatomy, physiology and other facets of insect life and about their economic importance. Classification up to order level with a special mention about significant families, their diversity, body plan, structure and function of various organs. Role of insect as pests, as vectors and the beneficial insects will be taught.

In Entomology laboratory students are taught to systematically collect, preserve and identify insects. Students are taken to field to teach collecting technique and given preservation practice from their studies supported by the analysis of preserved slides, whole mounts and sections, wet and dry specimens for knowing the morphology, anatomy and taxonomy in the technical description of any insect species. Observation/culture of a productive insect will be undertaken. Demonstration of Dissection of selected systems of an insect pest is done. Quadrant estimation of pest status of a local insect is carried out. Probit analysis of pesticide lethality will be taught. Vector rhythms are compiled by collection of an endemic vector species. Population dynamics study of a storage pest is performed.

This course deals with the structure, functions and applications of microorganisms. The major areas include history, scope of microbiology and various classifications of microorganisms. It also includes the biogeochemical cycles, microbial interactions, sewage treatment and coliform analysis in various ecosamples. The classification of food and food borne diseases, screening of industrially important microbial organisms, normal borne microbial flora of man, types of microbial diseases, mode of transmission and their control measures will also be dealt.

This course on molecular biology explains the molecular basis of life. It introduces the structures of DNA and RNA, and replication of linear and circular DNA. Molecular mechanisms of recombination, transposition and repair of DNA are also included. Emphasis is given to transcription, post transcriptional processing and intron splicing, genetic code and translation. Finally molecular mechanisms of gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are discussed.

The course includes experiments in both microbiology and molecular biology. This includes microbial culture, morphology, staining techniques, isolation and identification of microbes from soil, food and water and also aimed at studying medically and industrially important microbes. In molecular biology, experiments on isolation and purification of nucleic acids from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells will be carried out. This also includes gene transfer techniques in microorganisms, mutagenesis and Lac Z expression and induction.

In this course, the students will be taught the culture techniques of Freshwater & Marine fishes and Related economically important organisms like Oysters, Prawns and Seaweeds. Identification, treatment and prevention of fish diseases and Economic importance of aquaculture will also be dealt with.

 

Animal biotechnology course covers methods and applications of Animal cell, tissue & organ culture, Production of transgenic animals and cloning of animals. It includes, laboratory facilities & Procedure, Primary & Secondary cultures, Development of cell lines and Cell cloning. It also focuses on Cell fusion and Gene transfer to animal cells and transgenic animals. It also emphasizes on the expression of Heterologous proteins in animal cells, IVF and cloning of animals & human beings.

This course deals with basic aspects of plant tissue culture and plant genetic engineering. The tissue culture part deals with the in vitro culture of ovules, embryos, Somatic embryogenesis, micropropagation and, clonal propagation, Ploidy development, clonal variants, single cell culture, protoplast cultures and their applications. Plant genetic engineering deals with technique of genetic transformation of plants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes and transgenic plants.

Animal and Plant biotechnology laboratory course is designed to carry out experiments on in vitro culture of different embryonic cells of animals and explants of plants. Animal biotechnology laboratory course would focus on organ culture, single cell suspension culture of frog, chick and mouse. In plant biotechnology laboratory, the explants from various parts of plants such as apical meristem, leaf, auxiliary bud, floral parts and nodal regions will be cultured in vitro with an emphasis on callus induction and protoplast culture of plants.

This course deals with biotechnological applications on Environment. It includes resource biotechnology, Fuel technology, Waste water treatment and biofertilizer technology with Forecasting. GMO, Biosorption and Bioremediation will be discussed. Biorenewability, Biodegradability, Recycling, Environmental protection and reclamation concepts will also be dealt with concomitantly.

This course deals with manipulation of DNA and its applications. It includes extraction and purification of genomic and vector DNA, restriction and other enzymes for DNA manipulation, construction of recombinant DNA. Methods of introduction of rDNA into living cells and cloning; biology of cloning vectors, in vitro gene cloning using PCR are also included. Methods of screening and selection of recombinant clones, production of recombinant proteins and application of r-DNA technology in health care industry are discussed. A special emphasis on ethical issues related to genetic modification of organisms is also given.

This laboratory course includes experiments on the effect of polluted environment on living organisms. Investigations on the effect of Industrial effluents on the environment will be carried out. It also includes the study of Biofertilizers and Bio pesticides and their effect on environment. It also aims at isolation of plasmids from E. coli and experiments on construction of r-DNA such as Restriction Digestion, Purification and Ligation of restricted DNA. It also focuses on introduction of r-DNA and plasmid DNA into bacteria.

The objective of this course is to teach various laboratory techniques involved in the analysis of the samples and the interpretation of the results. Further, students will be informed about the setting up of a clinical laboratory. This course includes the collection and analysis of samples like urine, stool and sputum to test proteinurea, glycemia and the presence of pus cells, parasites and various microorganisms. It also includes the examination of gastrointestinal contents, routine and special haematological tests, histopathology and serological tests.